Hay una serie de comandos de Asterisk que son de gran utilidad para el diagnostico de fallas asi como para obtener información sobre diferentes componentes del sistema Elastix. La manera nativa de ejecutar estos comandos es hacerlo desde la consola en modo texto (Pantalla Negra) o Linea de Comandos (CLI), para un usuario avanzado de Linux hacer esto es lo mas natural del mundo, sin embargo para usuarios novatos o aquellos acostumbrados a trabajar en ambientes MS-Windows o consolas gráficas, esto puede ser un verdadero dolor de cabeza. Muchos le tienen fobia al uso de la linea de comandos en Linux, por consiguiente tambien a la consola de Asterisk, personalmente utilizo mucho la linea de comandos siento que tengo el control total sobre lo que hago y ejecuto, pero también soy conciente que para un usuario final que unicamente le interesa que su sistema funcione, se le deben de dar herramientas lo mas sensillas posible y que mejor manera de hacerlo a traves de interfaces graficas.
Considero a Elastix como una distribución de Asterisk pensada y orientada en facilitar muchas de las tareas de gestión y administración del sistema, en la cual no es necesario hacer uso de la linea de comandos, por esta razon dentro de la interfaz grafica Web, Elatix provee una herramienta para la ejecución de comandos Asterisk, mostrando los resultados de la ejecucion en la misma interfaz Web.
Se accede a la opción Asterisk-Cli para la ejecución de comandos Asterisk siguiendo la siguiente secuencias de Clic: PBX >> Tools >> Asterisk-Cli nos aparecera un campo donde introducimos el comando de Asterisk a ejecutar, debemos respetar la sintaxis, tener en mente tambien que estos son sensibles a Mayusculas y Minusculas, si lo introducimos mal nos presentara un error.
Para ejecutar un comando es tan simple como digitarlo con la sinstaxis correcta y dar Clic en el boton Execute.
Hay un comando que utilizo mucho para conocer la direccion IP de los telefonos SIP que tengo registrados en mi servidor Elastix, me sirve tambien para verificar que extensiones SIP estan en uso. sip show peers
La siguiente imagen es un ejemplo de la ejecucion del comando y el resultado de la ejecucion:
Debemos tener mucho cuidado con algunos comandos ya que podemos alterar el funcionamiento del servidor Elastix, NO recomiendo que ejecuten ningun comando o hacer pruebas en un servidor en produccion, si no estan seguros de lo que hace un determinado comando.
Listado de Comandos Asterisk:
! Execute a shell command
ael reload Reload AEL configuration
ael set debug {read|tokens|mac Enable AEL debugging flags
agent logoff Sets an agent offline
agent show Show status of agents
agent show online Show all online agents
agi dump html Dumps a list of AGI commands in HTML format
agi exec Add AGI command to a channel in Async AGI
agi set debug [on|off] Enable/Disable AGI debugging
agi show commands [topic] List AGI commands or specific help
aoc set debug enable cli debugging of AOC messages
calendar dump sched Dump calendar sched context
calendar show calendar Display information about a calendar
calendar show calendars Show registered calendars
cb mysql status Show connection status of CBMySQL
cc cancel Kill a CC transaction
cc report status Reports CC stats
cdr mysql status Show connection status of cdr_mysql
cdr show status Display the CDR status
cel show status Display the CEL status
channel originate Originate a call
channel redirect Redirect a call
channel request hangup Request a hangup on a given channel
cli check permissions Try a permissions config for a user
cli reload permissions Reload CLI permissions config
cli show aliases Show CLI command aliases
cli show permissions Show CLI permissions
config list Show all files that have loaded a configuration file
config reload Force a reload on modules using a particular configuration file
core abort shutdown Cancel a running shutdown
core clear profile Clear profiling info
core ping taskprocessor Ping a named task processor
core reload Global reload
core restart gracefully Restart Asterisk gracefully
core restart now Restart Asterisk immediately
core restart when convenient Restart Asterisk at empty call volume
core set debug channel Enable/disable debugging on a channel
core set {debug|verbose} Set level of debug/verbose chattiness
core show applications [like|d Shows registered dialplan applications
core show application Describe a specific dialplan application
core show calls [uptime] Display information on calls
core show channels [concise|ve Display information on channels
core show channel Display information on a specific channel
core show channeltypes List available channel types
core show channeltype Give more details on that channel type
core show codecs [audio|video| Displays a list of codecs
core show codec Shows a specific codec
core show config mappings Display config mappings (file names to config engines)
core show file formats Displays file formats
core show file version [like] List versions of files used to build Asterisk
core show functions [like] Shows registered dialplan functions
core show function Describe a specific dialplan function
core show help Display help list, or specific help on a command
core show hints Show dialplan hints
core show hint Show dialplan hint
core show image formats Displays image formats
core show license Show the license(s) for this copy of Asterisk
core show profile Display profiling info
core show settings Show some core settings
core show switches Show alternative switches
core show sysinfo Show System Information
core show taskprocessors List instantiated task processors and statistics
core show threads Show running threads
core show translation Display translation matrix
core show uptime [seconds] Show uptime information
core show version Display version info
core show warranty Show the warranty (if any) for this copy of Asterisk
core stop gracefully Gracefully shut down Asterisk
core stop now Shut down Asterisk immediately
core stop when convenient Shut down Asterisk at empty call volume
core waitfullybooted Wait for Asterisk to be fully booted
dahdi destroy channel Destroy a channel
dahdi restart Fully restart DAHDI channels
dahdi set dnd Sets/resets DND (Do Not Disturb) mode on a channel
dahdi set hwgain Set hardware gain on a channel
dahdi set swgain Set software gain on a channel
dahdi show cadences List cadences
dahdi show channels [group|con Show active DAHDI channels
dahdi show channel Show information on a channel
dahdi show status Show all DAHDI cards status
dahdi show version Show the DAHDI version in use
data get Data API get
data show providers Show data providers
database del Removes database key/value
database deltree Removes database keytree/values
database get Gets database value
database put Adds/updates database value
database show Shows database contents
database showkey Shows database contents
devstate change Change a custom device state
devstate list List currently known custom device states
dialplan add extension Add new extension into context
dialplan add ignorepat Add new ignore pattern
dialplan add include Include context in other context
dialplan debug Show fast extension pattern matching data structures
dialplan reload Reload extensions and *only* extensions
dialplan remove extension Remove a specified extension
dialplan remove ignorepat Remove ignore pattern from context
dialplan remove include Remove a specified include from context
dialplan save Save current dialplan into a file
dialplan set chanvar Set a channel variable
dialplan set extenpatternmatch Use the Old extension pattern matching algorithm.
dialplan set extenpatternmatch Use the New extension pattern matching algorithm.
dialplan set global Set global dialplan variable
dialplan show chanvar Show channel variables
dialplan show globals Show global dialplan variables
dialplan show Show dialplan
dnsmgr refresh Performs an immediate refresh
dnsmgr reload Reloads the DNS manager configuration
dnsmgr status Display the DNS manager status
dundi flush [stats] Flush DUNDi cache
dundi lookup Lookup a number in DUNDi
dundi precache Precache a number in DUNDi
dundi query Query a DUNDi EID
dundi set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable DUNDi debugging
dundi show entityid Display Global Entity ID
dundi show mappings Show DUNDi mappings
dundi show peers [registered|i Show defined DUNDi peers
dundi show peer Show info on a specific DUNDi peer
dundi show precache Show DUNDi precache
dundi show requests Show DUNDi requests
dundi show trans Show active DUNDi transactions
dundi store history {on|off} Enable/Disable DUNDi historic records
event dump cache Dump the internal event cache (for debugging)
extra destroy channel Destroy a channel
extra restart Fully restart EXTRA channels
extra set dnd Sets/resets DND (Do Not Disturb) mode on a channel
extra set hwgain Set hardware gain on a channel
extra set swgain Set software gain on a channel
extra show channels [group|con Show active EXTRA channels
extra show channel Show information on a channel
extra show status Show all EXTRA cards status
extra show version Show the EXTRA version in use
fax set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable FAX debugging on new FAX sessions
fax show capabilities Show the capabilities of the registered FAX technology modules
fax show session Show the status of the named FAX sessions
fax show sessions Show the current FAX sessions
fax show settings Show the global settings and defaults of both the FAX core and technology modules
fax show stats Summarize FAX session history
fax show version Show versions of FAX For Asterisk components
features reload Reloads configured features
features show Lists configured features
file convert Convert audio file
group show channels Display active channels with group(s)
gsm check phone stat Check the stat of the phone
gsm debug span Enables GSM debugging on a span
gsm intensive debug span Enables REALLY INTENSE GSM debugging
gsm no debug span Disables GSM debugging on a span
gsm send at Send AT Commmand on a given GSM span
gsm send pdu Send PDU on a given GSM span
gsm send sms Send SMS on a given GSM span
gsm set debug file Sends GSM debug output to the specified file
gsm set send sms coding Setting send sms character coding
gsm set send sms mode pdu Setting send sms mode is pdu
gsm set send sms mode text Setting send sms mode is text
gsm set send sms smsc Setting send sms Service Message Center number
gsm show debug Displays current GSM debug settings
gsm show send sms coding Show send sms character coding
gsm show send sms mode Show send sms mode
gsm show send sms smsc Show send sms Service Message Center number
gsm show spans Displays GSM Information
gsm show span Displays GSM Information
gsm show version Displays libgsmat version
gsm unset debug file Ends GSM debug output to file
gtalk show channels Show GoogleTalk channels
hangup request <no description available>
help <no description available>
http show status Display HTTP server status
iax2 provision Provision an IAX device
iax2 prune realtime Prune a cached realtime lookup
iax2 reload Reload IAX configuration
iax2 set debug {on|off|peer} Enable/Disable IAX debugging
iax2 set debug jb {on|off} Enable/Disable IAX jitterbuffer debugging
iax2 set debug trunk {on|off} Enable/Disable IAX trunk debugging
iax2 set mtu Set the IAX systemwide trunking MTU
iax2 show cache Display IAX cached dialplan
iax2 show callnumber usage Show current entries in IP call number limit table
iax2 show channels List active IAX channels
iax2 show firmware List available IAX firmware
iax2 show netstats List active IAX channel netstats
iax2 show peer Show details on specific IAX peer
iax2 show peers List defined IAX peers
iax2 show provisioning Display iax provisioning
iax2 show registry Display IAX registration status
iax2 show stats Display IAX statistics
iax2 show threads Display IAX helper thread info
iax2 show users [like] List defined IAX users
iax2 test losspct Set IAX2 incoming frame loss percentage
iax2 unregister Unregister (force expiration) an IAX2 peer from the registry
indication add Add the given indication to the country
indication remove Remove the given indication from the country
indication show Display a list of all countries/indications
jabber create collection Creates a PubSub node collection.
jabber create leaf Creates a PubSub leaf node
jabber delete node Deletes a PubSub node
jabber list nodes Lists PubSub nodes
jabber purge nodes Purges PubSub nodes
jabber reload Reload Jabber configuration
jabber set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable Jabber debug
jabber show buddies Show buddy lists of our clients
jabber show connections Show state of clients and components
jabber test Shows roster, but is generally used for mog's debugging.
jingle reload Reload Jingle configuration
jingle show channels Show Jingle channels
keys init Initialize RSA key passcodes
keys show Displays RSA key information
local show channels List status of local channels
logger mute Toggle logging output to a console
logger reload Reopens the log files
logger rotate Rotates and reopens the log files
logger set level {DEBUG|NOTICE Enables/Disables a specific logging level for this console
logger show channels List configured log channels
manager reload Reload manager configurations
manager set debug [on|off] Show, enable, disable debugging of the manager code
manager show command Show a manager interface command
manager show commands List manager interface commands
manager show connected List connected manager interface users
manager show eventq List manager interface queued events
manager show settings Show manager global settings
manager show users List configured manager users
manager show user Display information on a specific manager user
meetme {lock|unlock|mute|unmut Execute a command on a conference or conferee
meetme list [concise] List all or one conference
mfcr2 call files [on|off] Enable/Disable MFC/R2 call files
mfcr2 set blocked Reset MFC/R2 channel forcing it to BLOCKED
mfcr2 set debug Set MFC/R2 channel logging level
mfcr2 set idle Reset MFC/R2 channel forcing it to IDLE
mfcr2 show channels [group|con Show MFC/R2 channels
mfcr2 show variants Show supported MFC/R2 variants
mfcr2 show version Show OpenR2 library version
mgcp audit endpoint Audit specified MGCP endpoint
mgcp reload Reload MGCP configuration
mgcp set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable MGCP debugging
mgcp show endpoints List defined MGCP endpoints
minivm list accounts List defined mini-voicemail boxes
minivm list templates List message templates
minivm list zones List zone message formats
minivm reload Reload Mini-voicemail configuration
minivm show settings Show mini-voicemail general settings
minivm show stats Show some mini-voicemail statistics
mixmonitor {start|stop} Execute a MixMonitor command
module load Load a module by name
module reload Reload configuration for a module
module show [like] List modules and info
module unload Unload a module by name
moh reload Reload MusicOnHold
moh show classes List MusicOnHold classes
moh show files List MusicOnHold file-based classes
no debug channel Disable debugging on channel(s)
odbc read Test reading a func_odbc function
odbc show List ODBC DSN(s)
odbc write Test setting a func_odbc function
originate <no description available>
parkedcalls show List currently parked calls
phoneprov show routes Show registered phoneprov http routes
pktccops gatedel Send Gate-Det to cmts
pktccops gateset Send Gate-Set to cmts
pktccops set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable COPS debugging
pktccops show cmtses List PacketCable COPS CMTSes
pktccops show gates List PacketCable COPS GATEs
pktccops show pools List PacketCable MTA pools
pri intense debug span <no description available>
pri service disable channel Remove a channel from service
pri service enable channel Return a channel to service
pri set debug {on|off|0|1|2} s Enables PRI debugging on a span
pri set debug file Sends PRI debug output to the specified file
pri show channels Displays PRI channel information
pri show debug Displays current PRI debug settings
pri show spans Displays PRI span information
pri show span Displays PRI span information
pri show version Displays libpri version
queue add member Add a channel to a specified queue
queue reload {parameters|membe Reload queues, members, queue rules, or parameters
queue remove member Removes a channel from a specified queue
queue reset stats Reset statistics for a queue
queue set penalty Set penalty for a channel of a specified queue
queue show Show status of a specified queue
queue {pause|unpause} member Pause or unpause a queue member
queue show rules Show the rules defined in queuerules.conf
realtime destroy Delete a row from a RealTime database
realtime load Used to print out RealTime variables.
realtime mysql cache Shows cached tables within the MySQL realtime driver
realtime mysql status Shows connection information for the MySQL RealTime driver
realtime show pgsql cache Shows cached tables within the PostgreSQL realtime driver
realtime show pgsql status Shows connection information for the PostgreSQL RealTime driver
realtime store Store a new row into a RealTime database
realtime update Used to update RealTime variables.
realtime update2 Used to test the RealTime update2 method
reload <no description available>
rtcp set debug {on|off|ip} Enable/Disable RTCP debugging
rtcp set stats {on|off} Enable/Disable RTCP stats
rtp set debug {on|off|ip} Enable/Disable RTP debugging
say load [new|old] Set or show the say mode
sip notify Send a notify packet to a SIP peer
sip prune realtime [peer|all] Prune cached Realtime users/peers
sip qualify peer Send an OPTIONS packet to a peer
sip reload Reload SIP configuration
sip set debug {on|off|ip|peer} Enable/Disable SIP debugging
sip set history {on|off} Enable/Disable SIP history
sip show {channels|subscriptio List active SIP channels or subscriptions
sip show channelstats List statistics for active SIP channels
sip show channel Show detailed SIP channel info
sip show domains List our local SIP domains
sip show history Show SIP dialog history
sip show inuse List all inuse/limits
sip show mwi Show MWI subscriptions
sip show objects List all SIP object allocations
sip show peers List defined SIP peers
sip show peer Show details on specific SIP peer
sip show registry List SIP registration status
sip show sched Present a report on the status of the scheduler queue
sip show settings Show SIP global settings
sip show tcp List TCP Connections
sip show users List defined SIP users
sip show user Show details on specific SIP user
sip unregister Unregister (force expiration) a SIP peer from the registry
skinny reload Reload Skinny config
skinny reset Reset Skinny device(s)
skinny set debug {off|on} Enable/Disable Skinny debugging
skinny show devices List defined Skinny devices
skinny show device List Skinny device information
skinny show lines [verbose] List defined Skinny lines per device
skinny show line List Skinny line information
skinny show settings List global Skinny settings
sla show stations Show SLA Stations
sla show trunks Show SLA Trunks
stun set debug {on|off} Enable/Disable STUN debugging
timing test Run a timing test
transcoder show Display DAHDI transcoder utilization.
udptl set debug {on|off|ip} Enable/Disable UDPTL debugging
ulimit Set or show process resource limits
unistim reload Reload UNISTIM configuration
unistim send packet Send packet (for reverse engineering)
unistim set debug {on|off} Toggle UNITSTIM debugging
unistim show info Show UNISTIM info
voicemail reload Reload voicemail configuration
voicemail show users List defined voicemail boxes
voicemail show zones List zone message formats
wat debug Enables WAT debugging
wat exec Executes an arbitrary AT command
wat send sms Sends a SMS
wat show spans Displays WAT span information
wat show span Displays WAT span information
wat show version Displays libwat version
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